UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA
“JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO”
Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia
Campus de São José dos Campos
ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: https://doi.org/10.4322/bds.2025.e4596
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Braz Dent Sci 2025 Jan/Mar;28 (1): e4596
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Uso de gel contendo derivado de ftalocianina em feridas palatinas após remoção de enxerto gengival: série de casos
Rafael Sponchiado CAVALLIERI1 , Caique Andrade SANTOS1 , Adriana Campos Passanesi SANT’ANA1 ,
Carla Andreotti DAMANTE1 , Fabiano Vieira VILHENA2 , Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti ZANGRANDO1
1 - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Prótese e Periodontia. Bauru, SP, Brazil.
2 - TRIALS - Saúde Bucal & Tecnologias. Bauru, SP, Brazil.
How to cite: Cavallieri RS, Santos CA, Sant’Ana ACP, Damante CA, Vilhena FV, Zangrando MSR. Use of a gel containing a
phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series. Braz Dent Sci. 2025;28(1):e4596. https://doi.
org/10.4322/bds.2025.e4596
ABSTRACT
Background: Gingival grafts are used to correct mucogingival defects around teeth and implants, but post-operative
morbidity, including pain and discomfort, still represents a clinical challenge. Studies using phthalocyanine
derivatives (PHY) demonstrated antimicrobial effects, but these substances also seem to present benecial
properties in wound healing. Objective: This case series aimed to evaluate the use of a gel containing 0.1% PHY
in the post-operative healing of gingival graft donor sites, with a focus on reducing discomfort and promoting
healing. Material and Methods: Five healthy patients were submitted to standardized surgical procedures for
root coverage with connective tissue grafts (de-epithelialization technique) and coronal advanced ap. After
surgery, they received instructions to use 0.1% PHY gel in palatal donor sites. Clinical and somatosensory
parameters were evaluated, as well as analysis of patient-centered outcomes (use of analgesics, difculty of
chewing and pain in the donor areas). Clinically, there was a progressive improvement in wound epithelialization
over 30 days, reaching 100% of epithelialization. Results: There was a gradual reduction in the wound area,
indicating a favorable trend towards complete healing. Somatosensory analysis revealed superior sensitivity in
the donor areas after 60 days, with a decrease after 6 months. The use of analgesics was low, and pain scores
were moderate. Conclusion: The use of 0.1% PHY gel seemed to be benecial in promoting effective and rapid
healing in palatal donor sites of gingival grafts. These results indicate that PHY gel may be a promising option
for improving clinical results and patients’ quality of life following gingival grafting procedures.
KEYWORDS
Connective tissue; Palate; Phthalocyanine; Quality of life; Wound healing.
RESUMO
Contexto: Os enxertos gengivais são utilizados para corrigir defeitos mucogengivais ao redor de dentes e implantes,
mas a morbidade pós-operatória, incluindo dor e desconforto, ainda representa um desao clínico. Estudos com
derivados de ftalocianina (PHY) demonstraram efeitos antimicrobianos, mas essas substâncias também parecem
apresentar propriedades benécas na cicatrização de feridas. Objetivo: Esta série de casos teve como objetivo
avaliar o uso de um gel contendo 0,1% de PHY na cicatrização pós-operatória de áreas doadoras de enxertos
gengivais, com foco na redução do desconforto e na promoção da cicatrização. Material e Métodos: Cinco
pacientes saudáveis foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos padronizados para recobrimento radicular
com enxertos de tecido conjuntivo (técnica de desepitelização) e retalho avançado coronal. Após a cirurgia,
receberam instruções para utilizar o gel de 0,1% de PHY nas áreas doadoras palatinas. Parâmetros clínicos
e somatossensoriais foram avaliados, juntamente com resultados centrados no paciente (uso de analgésicos,
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Cavallieri RS et al.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
INTRODUCTION
Gingival grafts have been widely used
to correct mucogingival defects around teeth
and implants [1]. Considering root coverage
procedures, subepithelial connective tissue graft
(SCTG) associated with coronal advanced ap
(CAF) is the gold standard treatment [2,3].
However, one of the most challenging aspects
of techniques using autogenous grafts is the
postoperative morbidity and discomfort following
their removal from the palatal area. These
symptoms may also be related to necrosis and
bleeding [4]. Therefore, to improve patients’
quality of life during the postoperative period,
the use of agents that can minimize the effects of
removing this type of graft is essential.
There are several methods of protecting the
palatal wound, such as surgical dressing [5],
modied Hawley plate [6], collagen sponge with
cyanoacrylate [7], photobiostimulation with low-
power laser [8], brin-rich plasma [9], hyaluronic
acid, herbal extracts [10], tilapia skin [11],
and others. The most commonly used methods
promotes mechanical protection at donor areas,
acting as a barrier (surgical dressing and modied
Hawley plate). However, burning sensation,
discomfort, bad breath and phonetic difculties
are common negative reports. Therefore,
protective agents with biological effects such
as platelet derivatives, hyaluronic acid and
herbal extracts can enhance healing and reduce
post-operative morbidity. Alternative agents to
chlorhexidine have been investigated to improve
healing outcomes in periodontal surgical sites,
showing promising potential. The limitations of
chlorhexidine, including its propensity to cause
tooth and tongue staining with prolonged use
and alterations in taste, have prompted increased
interest in exploring alternative solutions [12].
Currently, there is a lack of consensus about
the ideal protection, but it is expected mechanical
protection and also bioactive properties capable
of favoring regenerative process of palatal
wound [13,14].
Phthalocyanine derivatives (PHY) are
chemical compounds associated with metal
ions, widely used as photosensitizing dyes in
antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT).
The PHY molecule is activated by visible light
absorption, triggering electronic reactions from
its excited state, and demonstrates good tissue
penetration depth, resulting in an enhanced
aPDT response [15]. Another less explored class
of PHY in the literature includes self-activated
derivatives, characterized by a broad spectrum of
action based on self-activation and continuous,
localized production of reactive oxygen species
in the absence of light, chemicals, or electricity,
requiring only molecular oxygen [16,17].
In vitro studies showed that self-activated
PHY has antibacterial [16-18], antifungal [18],
antibiofilm [16], antiviral [19,20] and low
toxicity properties, without negative effects
on wound healing [17,19]. Clinical studies
demonstrated positive effects on periodontal
treatment [21] and ulcer healing [22].
Aiming to enhance donor site healing and
reduce post-operative morbidity, this case series
proposed the use of a gel containing 0.1% PHY
to promote healing of the donor area and reduce
post-operative morbidity after root coverage
procedures with SCTG plus CAF.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Five healthy patients (42- to 58-year-old)
were treated at Periodontics clinic of the Bauru
diculdade de mastigação e dor nas áreas doadoras). Resultados: Houve melhora progressiva na epitelização das
feridas ao longo de 30 dias, alcançando 100% de epitelização. A área da ferida reduziu gradualmente, indicando
uma tendência favorável à cicatrização completa. A análise somatossensorial revelou maior sensibilidade nas
áreas doadoras após 60 dias, com redução após 6 meses. O uso de analgésicos foi baixo e os escores de dor
foram moderados. Conclusão: O gel de 0,1% de PHY mostrou-se benéco na cicatrização ecaz e rápida das
áreas doadoras palatinas, sendo uma opção promissora para melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de
vida dos pacientes submetidos a enxertos gengivais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Enxerto de tecido conjuntivo; Palato; Ftalocianina; Qualidade de vida; Cicatrização de feridas.
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Cavallieri RS et al.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
School of Dentistry- University of São Paulo (FOB-
USP). This case series is part of a project approved
by the Ethics Committee for Human Research
of FOB-USP (CAAE: 19692019.1.0000.5417)
and registered in Brazilian Registry of Clinical
Trials (REBEC- RBR-93ccq38). Inclusion criteria
were: patients with healthy palatal area, clinical
diagnosis of multiple gingival recessions RT1
or RT2 with at least 1 of the gingival recessions
(GR) ≥ 2 mm, including canines, premolars and
molars. Exclusion criteria were: use of prostheses
with palatal coverage, previous palatal graft
removal, teeth with mobility, smokers, pregnant
and lactating women, history of periodontal
disease or recurrent abscess formation, use of
medication (anticonvulsants, antihypertensives,
contraceptives or immunosuppressants) or drugs
that inuence wound healing, poor oral hygiene
(plaque index and bleeding index >20%).
Patients were submitted to scaling, root
planing, coronal polishing and oral hygiene
instructions before surgical procedures. Surgeries
were performed under magnication (3.5x) by the
same professional (RSC). Patients received written
instructions to standardize home treatment. Oral
rinse containing PHY (0.12%) and application
of PHY gel in palatal wound (0.1%) were used
during the rst 14 post-operative days. Patients
were also instructed to oss and brush the non-
operated area with fluoride toothpaste three
times a day (after breakfast, lunch and dinner).
Mouthwashes with PHY rinse were performed
twice a day (after lunch and dinner), for 60
seconds, 30 minutes after brushing. Patients
applied a standardized amount of (size of a
pea) PHY gel in palatal wound areas, using their
ngertip to avoid injury on surgical site, 3 times
a day (after breakfast, lunch and dinner). They
were instructed to refrain from eating or drinking
for approximately 1 hour after gel application.
The application was performed after rinsing with
mouthwash.
Consent statement
All patients received and signed a written
informed consent form before undergoing the
treatment.
Surgical procedure
GRs were treated with CAF [23] plus SCTG
harvested by de-epithelialized technique [24,25].
Grafts were standardized with 5 mm width,
two teeth mid-distal length, 1.5 mm thickness
and palatal gingival margin preservation of 2
mm. SCTG was positioned and stabilized at
cementum-enamel junction (CEJ) with 5-0
nylon monolament sutures (Techsuture, Bauru/
SP, Brazil). Flap was coronally positioned over
CEJ with suspensory sutures. X-shaped sutures
were made in palatal donor sites and removed
after 7 days. Sutures in recipient areas were
removed after 14 days. Patients received 8mg of
dexamethasone 1 hour before surgical procedure.
Postoperatively, participants used 200mg of
nimesulide 2x/day on rst and second days and
100mg of nimesulide 2x/day on third and fourth
days. They were instructed to use paracetamol
750mg every 6 hours in case of pain.
Wound assessments
Clinical parameters of the palatal remaining
wound area (RWA), wound epithelialization
(WE) [26-28] and remaining remodeling
area (RRA) were recorded after 7, 14 and 30
postoperative days. Standardized photographs
(brightness, distance and angle) were taken and
exported to Image J software (NIH, Bethesda,
USA) for measurement of the areas (mm2) by
a trained and calibrated professional (CAS).
The RRA and RWA (Figures 1, 2 and 3) results
were presented in mm2; WE was presented as
percentage.
Quantitative evaluation of somatosensory
prole (Von Frey) of donor areas was determined
by Mechanical Detection Threshold (MDT) and
Mechanical Pain Threshold (MPT) tests. Both
tests were applied at baseline and after 2 and 6
months. MDT uses nylon monolaments adapted
by Semmes-Weinstein to determine patients’
tactile threshold [29]. The force applied by the
monofilament can vary from 0.008 g/mm2 to
300 g/mm2. Before the test, participants were
instructed, with their eyes closed, to verbally
report when they felt a “light touch” on the
contact area of the monolaments. The palatal
contact area was defined at 1-1.5mm from
gingival margin of premolars (SCTG donor area).
MDT test began with the thinnest lament (0.008
g/mm2), and sequentially thicker laments were
applied until the participant verbally reported
feeling a light touch (positive stimulus (+)). After
this positive report, the order was reversed for
the next lament with the lowest value, until the
participant no longer felt the application of the
tactile stimulus (light touch) (negative stimulus
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Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Figure 3 - Delimitation of the remaining remodeling area (RRA) after
30 days.
Figure 1 - Example of measurements performed in ImageJ software. (I) Wound area immediately after graft removal; (II) Delineation of the RWA
at 7 days post-surgery; (III) Delineation of the RWA by the difference in color between the edges and the center of the wound; (IV) Delineation
of the RWA 14 days after surgery.
Figure 2 - Delimitation of the remaining wound area (RWA),
considering the area in the center of the wound that has not yet
epithelialized.
(-)). This measurement was made until 5 negative
stimuli (downward) and 5 positive stimuli
(upward) were obtained and the geometric mean
of these repetitions was calculated [30-32].
The MPT also used the adapted monolaments
but assessed mechanical pain threshold. In
the same way, the participant was instructed
to verbally report when they felt a sensation
of “needling, pinpricking or a slightly painful
sting”. The method of applying the laments and
measure the pain stimuli in MPT were the same
described for MDT [31].
Patient-centered outcomes
Patients completed a diary during 14
days after surgery [33] to record treatments
perceptions and spontaneously describe any
PHY adverse effects. This diary was developed
to assess patient’s recovery in four main areas -
post-surgical sequelae, pain and discomfort, oral
function and interference with daily activities.
Questions were answered using visual analog
scales (VAS). In addition, questionnaire included
a compliance table to ensure PHY use, lled in
by the patient with “YES” or “NO”, recording
number of times of brushing, rinsing and topical
applications each day.
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Cavallieri RS et al.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
RESULTS
Wound assessments
Table I shows the outcomes of palatal healing
assessment at the different post-operative periods
(7 days, 14 days and 30 days). Remarkable
progress in wound epithelialization was observed
over time, with all patients achieving 100%
epithelialization within 30 days of surgery. In
addition, there was a gradual reduction in wound
area during the follow-up period, indicating a
positive trend towards complete healing. At 60
days post-surgery, in all ve cases, there was no
visible wound (Figures 3 to 7).
Somatosensory evaluation
The analysis of somatosensory profile
(Table II) demonstrated that at 60 days
postoperatively, palatal areas showed superior
sensitivity compared to baseline. However, after
6 months, although still more sensitive than
baseline, this sensitivity decreased compared to
60 days. This suggests that the palate becomes
more sensitive to touch and less resistant to
pain after graft removal, during a follow-up of
6 months. In one patient, pain resistance after
6 months was higher than pre-surgery, while in
two patients, pain resistance after 6 months was
lower than 2 months after surgery.
Table I - RWA values in mm2, RRA in mm2 and WE in percentage, in
the postoperative period
BL 7 14 30
Patient 1
RWA 91.061 51.355 2.714 0
RRA - 74.937 67.223 53.106
WE (%) - 43.60 97.01 100
Patient 2
RWA 64.784 45.582 0.261 0
RRA - 55.404 42.001 26.374
WE (%) - 32.75 99.59 100
Patient 3
RWA 59.961 45.570 4.470 0
RRA - 52.331 41.140 2.609
WE (%) - 24 92.54 100
Patient 4
RWA 84.273 54.209 14.817 0
RRA - 74.231 54.105 25.052
WE (%) - 35.67 82.41 100
Patient 5
RWA 68.801 39.585 3.524 0
RRA - 56.592 44.663 15.551
WE (%) - 42.46 94.87 100
BL (baseline), RWA (remaining wound area), RRA (remaining
remodeling area), WE (wound epithelization).
Figure 4 - Appearance of the palate immediately after free gingival
graft removal.
Figure 5 - Appearance of the palate after 7 days, possible to
identify RRA and RWA.
Figure 6 - Appearance of the palate after 14 days, predominantly
RRA area.
Figure 7 - Aspect of the palate after 30 days, 100% epithelialized
area.
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Cavallieri RS et al.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Patient-centered outcomes
Daily adapted questionnaire [33] reported
that chewing difculty was more inconvenient
than palatal pain, reaching higher scores on the
day of surgery (Figures 8 and 9). Palatal pain
peaked on the sixth day (44), the same day of
the highest mean of analgesic consumption (1.6)
(Figure 10). VAS mean during 14 postoperative
days were: Difculty chewing - 28; Palate pain
- 20.7; Number of analgesics - 0.57 (Figure 11).
No adverse effects of PHY were reported.
DISCUSSION
In periodontal plastic surgeries, the use
of gingival grafts harvested from different
donor sites may lead to increased postoperative
morbidity, such as pain, bleeding, and other
complications that impact patients’ quality of
life. Considering these factors, the literature has
highlighted important evidence on methods for
protecting and managing the donor site, aiming
to minimize postoperative complications and
improve patients’ postoperative experience. There
is a lack of consensus about the best method of
palatal protection for gingival graft donor sites.
However, mechanical protection and bioactive
Table II - Results of the somatosensory profile tests (expressed in
g/mm2) at three time points, BL (baseline), 2 months and 6 months.
BL 2 6 Test
Patient 1 3.03 0.72 1.09 MDT
32.54 9.61 11.81 MPT
Patient 2 1.50 0.39 1.18 MDT
328.63 19.75 1.68 MPT
Patient 3 8.69 7.71 5.19 MDT
109.54 50.05 77.46 MPT
Patient 4 0.27 0.05 0.09 MDT
26.60 19.75 41.57 MPT
Patient 5 0.79 0.20 1.51 MDT
29.58 10.93 9.05 MPT
MDT (mechanical detection threshold) and MPT (mechanical pain
threshold) tests.
Figure 8 - Appearance of the palate after 60 days, no visible wound.
Figure 9 - Graph showing the mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale values of the five patients according to each of the 14 postoperative
days. “Difficulty chewing” peaked on the first postoperative day.
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Cavallieri RS et al.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
properties favoring wound healing process are
essential [34,35].
The present case series demonstrated that
the use of PHY gel on palatal donor sites for 14
days post-operatively resulted in progressive
reduction of RWA. WE of over 80% occurred
within two weeks of follow-up and RRA was
not visible after 60 days. Somatosensory prole
showed that palatal sensitivity increased at 60
days and 6 months compared to baseline, with
less resistance to pain. Difficulty of chewing
presented superior impact compared to palatal
pain and mean analgesic consumption was 0.88
and 0.57 at 7 and 14 days, respectively.
Figure 10 - Average VAS scale values for “palate pain”, peaking on the sixth postoperative day.
Figure 11 - Average VAS scale values for “number of analgesics” peaked on the sixth day, in line with the highest average reported for “palate
pain”.
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Cavallieri RS et al.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Randomized clinical trials have been
conducted to evaluate agents with easy clinical
application and cost-effectiveness, also favoring
healing process [36]. Periodontal surgical
dressing are the most used materials for palatal
mechanical protection after harvesting gingival
grafts. However, they can delay the healing
process, cause biofilm accumulation, painful
symptoms, bad breath and discomfort when
speaking and chewing [5].
When evaluating mean of WE, this case series
presented 35.7% in 7 days and 93.3% in 14 days.
Similarly, Miguel et al. [28] obtained 38.4% and
90.0% WE after 7 and 14 days, respectively, with
the application of low-intensity electrotherapy
protocol on palatal wounds. The results were
superior to control group (22.2% and 86.2%,
respectively). In another investigation, topical
application of ozone therapy and laser therapy
on palatal wounds presented 33% and 25% of
the palates with complete epithelialization after
14 days [37]. Another study conducted by the
same group demonstrated that topical use of
oral urbiprofen spray reduced postoperative
morbidity but presented negative effects on
epithelialization of secondary palatal wound
healing [38]. In the present case series, topical
application of PHY gel positively influenced
epithelialization and allowed complete healing
of the palatal wound with no visible RRA after
60-day of follow-up.
The effect of a statin/chitosan gel on the
palatal wounds healing after free gingival
graft removal was assessed using a scale of 0
to 4, according to the color and appearance
of the area with signicant reduction between
the seventh and fourteenth day [39]. Palatal
wounds after Bruno’s technique grafts removal
were assessed considering the wound area
after 7 days. Authors observed reduced wound
areas in photobiomodulation group (60J/
cm2) after 14 days [27]. In another study with
similar methodology, the wound area was also
considered only after 7 days, using Bruno’s
technique and showed similar results of reduction
of WA after 14 days [40]. Another study similarly
to the present case series considered the time
of free gingival graft harvesting for wound area
analysis. Superior reduction in this parameter was
observed in electrotherapy group, which was zero
at 21 days [28]. However, no differentiation was
made between RWA and RRA.
The technique of harvesting a free gingival
graft [24] results in secondary wound closure,
with exposure of connective tissue, which can
lead to postoperative morbidity [41,42]. Thus,
the search for a protective or regenerative
agent for palatal wound that provides a more
comfortable postoperative period for the patient
is necessary. The analysis of self-reported
patient-centered outcomes [33] proved to be
accurate and reliable. The highest scores were for
“difculty chewing”, which is to be expected as it
involves the painful sensation (donor area pain)
and also from recipient area. Authors evaluated
patient-reported postoperative discomfort (VAS)
after applying air spray to graft donor area at
7, 14, 30, 45 and 60-day follow-ups. Patients
presented moderate discomfort on days 7 and
14, after 45 days, no reports of discomfort were
observed [26,27]. Other study using the same
questionnaire30 reported that self-reported pain
in postoperative diaries was generally low [28].
The evaluation of somatosensory profile
revealed hypersensitivity in palatal donor area,
i.e. less pressure (g/mm2) was necessary for the
patient to report sensitivity to touch (MDT);
likewise, the region was more sensitive to pain
(MPT). Only one patient (5) had a higher MDT
value, and one patient (4) had a higher MPT
value after 6 months compared to baseline. These
results do not corroborate with the ndings of
another study [43]. The tactile sensitivity of
donor area was checked with a periodontal probe
and, after 2 months, patients reported normal
sensitivity similar to baseline. In the present
case series, after 2 months, all the patients
had a palatal wound that was more sensitive
to touch using the Von Frey filaments. Other
researchers [44] reported that sensory changes
can occur after palate graft removal, giving that
two patients described persistent numbness or
rough palatal surface at 20 and 51 months post-
operatively. The main difference and novelty of
the somatosensory tests used in the present study
was that a measurement reported by the patient
is obtained in numerical values, expressed in g/
mm2, and can be accurately compared to the
baseline values.
Considering the limitations of the study’s
own nature (case series), phthalocyanine
demonstrated safety and positive clinical
applicability in gingival graft donor sites. The
topical application of PHY gel twice a day for
14 days seems to have favored epithelialization
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Cavallieri RS et al.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
with complete healing of the palatal wound.
No adverse effects were reported, and the post-
operative period consisted of a low number
of analgesics and no major complications. In
addition, somatosensory analysis suggested that
the palatal region after removal of gingival grafts
may be more hypersensitive and less resistant
to pain.
With the promising clinical results presented,
safety and facility of topical application,
randomized clinical studies are suggested to
conrm the effects of PHY gel on palatal wounds.
CONCLUSION
The use of 0.1% PHY gel may promote
healing in gingival graft donor sites, supporting
complete epithelialization and wound reduction,
making it a promising option for postoperative
management in periodontal plastic surgeries.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to the
University of São Paulo for providing the facilities
and infrastructure necessary for the successful
completion of this research.
Author’s Contributions
RSC: Investigation, Formal Analysis, Data
Curation, Writing - Original Draft Preparation.
CAS: Investigation, Formal Analysis, Data
Curation, Writing - Original Draft Preparation.
ACPS: Conceptualization, Methodology.
CAD: Conceptualization, Methodology. FVV:
Conceptualization, Methodology, Funding
Acquisition, Resources. MSRZ: Conceptualization,
Methodology, Supervision, Project Administration,
Writing - Review & Editing, Validation,
Visualization.
Conict of Interest
The authors have no conicts of interest to
declare.
Funding
Financial support provide by Trials – Oral
Health and Technologies and Coordination
for the Improvement of Higher Education
Personnel (CAPES) and National Council for
Scientic and Technological Development (CNPQ
#402341/2021-0).
Regulatory Statement
This study was conducted in accordance with
all the provisions of the local human subject’s
oversight committee guidelines and policies
of: Ethics Committee for Human Research of
FOB-USP (CAAE: 19692019.1.0000.5417) and
registred in Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials
(REBEC- RBR-93ccq38).
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Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al.
Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Cavallieri RS et al. Use of a gel containing a phthalocyanine derivative in palatal
wounds after gingival graft removal: case series
Date submitted: 2024 Nov 27
Accept submission: 2025 Apr 01
Rafael Sponchiado Cavallieri
(Corresponding address)
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de
Prótese e Periodontia, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
Email: rafael.cavallieri@usp.br
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