White spots on tooth enamel in mixed dentition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/bds.2020.v23i3.2052Abstract
Aim: To determine the prevalence, etiological factors of white spots on enamel and to evaluate the treatment by microabrasion technique in schoolchildren. Method: A study was developed in children between the ages of 6 and 12 of both genders, enrolled in 3 municipal public schools. Oral examination of the children was carried out, and for those children in whom white spot lesions were found, dental treatment was provided by the microabrasion technique in the incisors and/ or first permanent molars to prevent the evolution to a caries lesion with cavitation, since the enamel structure was damaged. Results: The most affected age was 10 years with 27.8% (n = 5). In relation to the enamel surface area affected by white patches, the majority had 1% - 24% of the enamel reached. The possible etiological factors of white patches were systemic infections, trauma or caries with pulp involvement in a deciduous tooth. The treatment was effective in 16 children and for the remaining two the restorative treatment was performed. Conclusion: The prevalence of white spot lesions found in enamel was 3.95%, with a higher prevalence in females. The permanent right upper central incisor was the most affected. The treatment proved to be effective in most children possibly because the lesion is located more superficially in the enamel.
Keywords
Dental enamel; Enamel hypoplasia; Tooth demineralization; Enamel microabrasion.
References
Ramos CJ, Myaki SI, Shintome LK, Chavez VEA. Effects of microabrasion on white spot of inactive caries on deciduous teeth. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2006;6(2):149-54.
Queiroz VAO, Martins GC, Grande CZ, Gomes JC, Campanha NH, Jorge JH. Report of two microabrasion techniques of enamel for stain removal: discussion of clinical cases. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2010;39(6):369-72.
Worschhech CC, Aguiar FHB, Maia DS, Lovadino JR, Martins LRM. Partial direct facet as aesthetic and conservative treatment of enamel pathologies: reports of clinical cases. JBD. 2003;2(7):247-53.
Souza JB, Rodrigues PCF, Lopes LG, Guilherme AS, Freitas GC, Moreira FCL. Enamel hypoplasia: aesthetic restorative treatment. Rev Odont Bras Central. 2009;18(47):14-19.
Seow WK. Developmental defects of enamel and dentin: challenges for basic science research and clinical management. Aust Dent J. 2014 Oct;59(1):143–154. doi: 10.1111/adj.12104.
Macri D, Fagan J. Implement a minimally invasive approach. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. 2016 Feb.14(3):32–37.
Croll TP, Helpin ML. Enamel microabrasion: a new approach. J Esthet Rest Dent. 2000;12(2):64–71. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2000.tb00202.x.
Kwon SR, Wertz PW. Review of the mechanism of tooth whitening. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015 Sep-Oct;27(5):240–257. doi:10.1111/jerd.12152.
Knösel M, Eckstein A, Helms HJ. Durability of esthetic improvement following Icon resin infiltration of multibracket-induced white spot lesions compared with no therapy over 6 months: a single-center, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013 June;144:86–96. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.02.029.
Elkhazindar MM, Welbury RR. Enamel microabrasion. Dent Upolate. 2000; 27(5):194-96
Peruchi CMS, Bezerra ACB, Azevedo TDPL, SILVA EB. The use of enamel microabrasion for the removal of white spots suggestive of dental fluorosis: clinical case. Rev Odontol Arac. 2004; 25(2):72-77.
Sundfeld RH, Rahal V, Croll TP, DE Aalexandre RS, Briso ALF. Enamel microabrasion followed by dental bleaching for patients after orthodontic treatment-case reports. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2007 Oct;19(2):71- 77. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00069.x.
Pini NIP, Lima DANL, Ambrosano GMB, Da Silva WJ, Aguiar FHB, Lovadino JR. Effects of acids used in the microabrasion technique: Microhardness and confocal microscopy analysis. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015; 7(4): e506-e512.
Pini NIP, Sundfeld-Neto D, Aguiar FHB, Sundfeld RH, Martins LRM, Lovadino JR, Lima DANL. Enamel microabrasion: An overview of clinical and scientific considerations. World J Clin Cases. 2015 Jan; 3(1):34-41. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i1.34.
Pandey P, Ansari AA, Moda P, Yadav M. Enamel microabrasion for aesthetic management of dental fluorosis. BMJ Case Rep. 2013; 11:1-3.
Khoroushi M, Kachuie M. Prevention and Treatment of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients. Contem. Clin. Dent. 2017 Jan-Mar;8(1):11-18. doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_216_17.
Peres MA, Traebert J, Marcenes W. Calibration of examiners for dental caries epidemiology studies. Cad Saúde Pública. 2001; 17(1):153-59.
Shreiner CC, Rocha JC. Prevalence and location of white spots on dental enamel in schoolchildren from the Municipality of São José dos Campos. Rev ABO. 2003; 11(5):293-98.
Machado CAA, Costa BR, Gomes LRG, Fragelli CMB. Prevalence and etiology of enamel development defects in deciduous and permanent teeth. Rev UNINGÁ. 2013;15(1):48-54.
Hoffmann RHS, Sousa MLR, Cyoriano S. Prevalence of enamel defects and their relationship with dental caries in deciduous and permanent dentitions. Cad Saúde Públ. 2007; 23(2):435-44. doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X2007000200020.
Corrêa-Faria P, Martins-Júnior PA, Vieira-Andrade RG, Oliveira-Ferreira F, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML. Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: prevalence and associated factors. Inter J Paediatric Dent. 2012 Apr; 23(3):173-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2012.01241.x
Wray A, Welbury R. Treatment of intrinsic discoloration in permanent anterior teeth in children and adolescente. Int J Paediatric Dent. 2008 July; 11(4):309- 315. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-263X.2001.00300.x.
