Prevalence of Gingival Hyperplasia Induced by Anticonvulsants: A Systematic Review

Marina Módolo Cláudio; João Victor Soares Rodrigues; Valdir Gouveia Garcia; Leticia Helena Theodoro

doi:10.14295/bds.2021.v24i1.2112

Authors

Marina Módolo Cláudio São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-1875
João Victor Soares Rodrigues São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1812-2589
Valdir Gouveia Garcia Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education (ILAPEO), Curitiba, PR, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-8334
Leticia Helena Theodoro Dental Assistance Center for Disabled Persons (CAOE), Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-8369

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14295/bds.2021.v24i1.2112

Abstract

Objective: Gingival hyperplasia (GH) is one of the side effects of anticonvulsant drugs. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of GH associated with the use of anticonvulsant, through a systematic review. Material and Methods: Systematic search was done at databases Pubmed and Embase between January 1984 and March of 2020 for identification of articles addressing the prevalence of GH associated with the use of anticonvulsant drugs. The methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) was independently assessed for quality in the selected papers. Results: The search identified 4.471 references. Nine articles were selected and evaluated 632 participants. All of the studies included in the systematic review showed a low risk of bias. The anticonvulsants used by patients were carbamazepine, ethosuximide, phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbital, sodium valproate. The studies showed a correlation between different types of anticonvulsants and GH prevalence, with a range from 0% to 73%. Among the anticonvulsants used, phenytoin showed the greatest incidence of GH, varying between 15.61% and 73% in patients. Conclusion: In the analysis of the results obtained in the literature, it is possible to notice that the great majority of studies presented incidence of GH associated with anticonvulsant use. However, further studies are necessary to understand the anticonvulsant action mechanism inducing GH, as well as the prevention forms, given that GH is a significant side effect.

KEYWORDS

Anticonvulsants; Gingival hyperplasia; Prevalence.

Author Biographies

Marina Módolo Cláudio, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.

Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology.

João Victor Soares Rodrigues, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.

Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology.

Valdir Gouveia Garcia, Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education (ILAPEO), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Area of Implantology

Leticia Helena Theodoro, Dental Assistance Center for Disabled Persons (CAOE), Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.

Dental Assistance Center for Disabled Persons (CAOE). Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Division of Periodontology.

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