The influence of carbonated hydroxyapatite on pre osteogenics promoters on a bone cement

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize nanoparticulate carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite. Physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Subsequently, carbonated hydroxyapatite-based cement was developed and characterized, and its in vitro biological performance was assessed to investigate its potential for bone regeneration applications on pre osteogenics promoters. Material and Methods: The powders/cements were physicochemical characterized and in vitro biological tests will be assessed in L929 and MC3T3 cell cocultures. For the study, a series of cements of pure hydroxyapatite cement (CHAP), CHAC with 5% carbonate (CHAC5), CHAC with 10% (CHAC10), and a control group (CONT) were prepared in weight by mixing a solid phase and one liquid phase and were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, contact angle, pH test and setting time test. Biological assays were performed using the MTT assay and Alizarin Red S for mineralization. Results: The CHAC samples’ characterization results showed shorter crystallinity peaks than pure hydroxyapatite, indicating increased sample solubility but no cement breakdown when in solution. Furthermore, this cement was hydrophilic and had a pH appropriate for use in bone regeneration. These findings and setting time tests support further research into the biomaterial created. In biological experiments, CHAC increased cell survival and promoted mineralization. Conclusion: The inclusion of CHAC was beneficial in promoting osteogenic features in bone cement by enhancing cell survival and driving mineralization, resulting in promising findings for bone regeneration.

KEYWORDS

Bone regeneration; Biocompatible materials; Bone cements; Calcium phosphates; Hydroxyapatite.